摘 要

近几年来，伴随着我国化学工业的迅猛发展，化学品的品种、产量和用量大大增加，作为产品的危险化学品经包装之后，通过经营渠道进入市场，经储存、运输后进入各行各业以及居民生活中。但由于危险化学品具有易燃、易爆、有毒、腐蚀等特征，在其流通运输的过程中始终会存在着对人类自身或生存环境的潜在危害，存在着发生燃烧、爆炸、烧伤、中毒等安全事故的隐患。因此了解危化品特性及其危害，加强危险化学品安全管理，尤其是详细了解运输的要求、规范以及监控，具有十分重要的意义。除此本文希望在此基础上研究设计一种安全可靠的危化品物流车辆超速报警系统。

本文第一章简单阐述了研究背景与意义，并对国内外危化品运输安全管理方法、危化品运输车辆监控系统以及超速报警系统作了详细了解与研究，第二章从危化品基本定义与分类、特性与危害着手，全面系统地了解了危化品；第三章在此前的基础上查阅书籍文献与相关法律条规，研究了危化品运输、危化品运输车辆操作的要求以及规范；在决定重点研究危化品运输车辆超速报警系统之前，本文第四章对常见的几种超速报警系统的原理以及优缺点进行了介绍与分析；第五章最终确定了一种以单片机与GPS模块为核心的危化品运输车辆超速报警系统设计方案。

关键词：危险化学品；操作与规范；系统比较；单片机与GPS

DESIGN OF OVERSPEED ALARM SYSTEM FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS LOGISTICS VEHICLES

ABSTRACT

In recent years, with the rapid development of chemical industry in China, the variety, output and dosage of chemicals have greatly increased. After packaging, dangerous chemicals as products enter the market through business channels and store them. After transportation into a variety of industries and residents' lives. However, due to the flammable, explosive, toxic, corrosion and other dangerous characteristics of dangerous chemicals, there will always be potential hazards to human beings or the living environment in the process of their circulation and transportation, and there will be combustion, explosion and burns. Hidden dangers of safety accidents such as poisoning. Therefore, we should understand the characteristics and hazards of hazardous chemicals and strengthen the safety management of hazardous chemicals, especially transportation. The requirements, specifications and monitoring of transportation are of great significance, and it is hoped that a safe and reliable over-speed alarm system for dangerous chemical logistics vehicles will be studied and designed on this basis.

The first chapter of this paper briefly expounds the research background and significance, and makes a detailed understanding and research on the safety management methods of dangerous chemicals transportation at home and abroad and the vehicle monitoring system of hazardous chemicals transportation. The second chapter is from the basic definition and classification of hazardous chemicals. The characteristics and hazards are started, and the dangerous chemicals are understood comprehensively and systematically. The third chapter refers to the books and documents and related laws and regulations on the basis of the previous, and studies the requirements and norms of the transportation of hazardous chemicals and the operation of vehicles for the transport of dangerous chemicals. Before deciding to focus on the study of over-speed alarm system for dangerous chemical transport vehicles, the fourth chapter of this paper introduces and analyzes the principle, advantages and disadvantages of several common over-speed alarm systems. In the fifth chapter, a design scheme of over-speed alarm system based on Micro-controllers and GPS module is determined.

Key words: Hazardous chemicals; Operation and Specification; system comparison; Micro-controllers and GPS

目 录

1 绪 论 - 1 -

1.1选题背景及意义 - 1 -

1.1.1 选题背景 - 1 -

1.1.2 研究意义 - 2 -

1.2 国内外研究综述 - 2 -

1.2.1 国外研究综述 - 2 -

1.2.2 国内研究综述 - 3 -

1.2.3 研究现状总结 - 5 -

1.3 研究方法与思路 - 5 -

2 危化品运输相关概念及理论基础 - 6 -

2.1 危险化学品的相关概念 - 6 -

2.1.1 危化品的定义及分类 - 6 -

2.2 危化品道路交通运输的相关概念 - 8 -

2.2.1 危化品运输的含义与特点 - 8 -

3 危化品道路运输的要求及规范 - 10 -

3.1 危化品道路运输要求及规范 - 10 -

3.1.1道路危险货物运输许可 - 11 -

3.1.2专用车辆、设备管理 - 11 -

3.1.3道路危险货物运输 - 11 -

3.2 危化品汽车运输要求及规范 - 12 -

3.2.1 托运与承运 - 12 -

3.2.2 车辆和设备 - 12 -

3.2.3 运输 - 13 -

3.2.4从业人员及劳动防护 - 13 -

4 常用汽车超速报警系统比较 - 15 -

4.1基于MTI-3T GPS的车辆超速报警系统 - 15 -

4.2 基于8051单片机的车辆超速报警系统 - 16 -

4.3 基于光电耦合器的车辆超速报警系统 - 18 -

5 以单片机与模块GPS为核心的危化品车辆超速报警系统设计 - 20 -

5.1 系统硬件设计 - 20 -

5.1.1 单片机最小系统 - 21 -

5.1.2 GPS模块电路 - 23 -

5.1.3 显示电路 - 24 -

5.1.4 按键电路 - 25 -

5.1.5 报警电路 - 26 -

5.1.6 数据存储电路 - 26 -

5.2 系统软件设计 - 27 -

5.2.1 系统主程序模块设计 - 27 -

5.2.2 GPS模块软件设计 - 28 -

5.2.3 数据储存模块软件设计 - 29 -

5.2.4 按键模块设计 - 29 -

5.2.5 显示模块设计 - 30 -

5.2.6 报警模块设计 - 31 -

5.3 系统软件的分析与调试 - 32 -

总结与展望 - 33 -

致 谢 - 34 -

参考文献 - 35 -

1 绪 论

1.1选题背景及意义

1.1.1 选题背景

交通运输业作为最重要的国民经济产业之一，其服务性、基础性在工业生产、经济贸易及社会生活方面体现的淋漓尽致，进而为国家和人民创造了就业机会和收入，更是经济平稳发展、资源合理配置和工作效率提升的首要条件。近年来，跟随着我国经济建设的飞快脚步，石油化工产品的需求量日益增加，危化品运输量也逐年上浮。于此同时，在危化品保存、装卸搬运、运输过程中，由于其性质的不稳定、工人操作不当以及运输过程中危险驾驶等原因，所以极易引发燃烧、爆炸，引起人员烧伤、中毒、死亡，甚至演变成灾难性事故，造成巨大经济损失和环境污染。

由于监管不善，或是工人操作不当而引起的危化品安全事故屡见不鲜。就在今年的3月21日，江苏盐城响水生态化工业园区内化工厂发生爆炸，事故造成78人遇难，对周边环境以及居民生活造成巨大影响；还有2015年的8月12日夜晚，天津滨海新区天津港的瑞海公司危化品仓库发生爆炸事故，造成165人遇难，直接经济损失达68.66亿元。