面向智慧物流的运输车队路径轨迹实时监控系统毕业论文

 2021-04-21 09:04

摘 要

随着社会经济的发展、科学技术的进步,社会整体对物流运输的需求越来越大,物流也因此逐步从粗放型物流、系统化物流、电子化物流发展迈入到智慧物流。实现物流运输车队的路径轨迹实时监控是智慧物流对物流运输管理提出的重要要求,在物流运输中应用车辆定位监控技术能够对物流车辆进行实时监控、指挥和调度,能够有效管理车辆调度混乱、运输路线随意、司机监守自盗的现象,对于提高物流的运输效率、运输安全和控制降低物流成本等方面有巨大的帮助。

当今世界定位技术种类众多,主要有全球四大定位导航系统,其中美国的GPS使用最为广泛,同时中国的北斗也正在逐步发展中;除此以外还有基站定位、视觉定位、航位推算、位置指纹定位、信号场强值定位等多种技术。在国内外的车辆定位的研究中,上述这些技术往往会被组合应用,由此可以解决一些特殊环境下的车辆定位或是提高车辆的定位精度。

我国当下物流车队轨迹实时监控系统的发展并不能完全跟上智慧物流的需求,物流车辆定位平台是实现物流运输监控管理的重要组成部分,然而大多数物流公司的车辆监控系统仍主要选用单一的GPS或GPS 北斗组合车载定位平台。这两种纯依靠卫星定位的方式虽然可以基本满足物流监控指挥中心对物流运输车辆的控制管理,但是依然还是存在着不足,首先卫星定位有时定位精度会受到其他信号干扰出现较大偏差;其次由于卫星定位受多径干扰严重且目前通过卫星自身很难克服,物流运输车辆在有些特殊情形下无法进行定位或定位错误严重,如隧道、小范围高楼覆盖区和一些林荫道。

针对以上两点问题,本文设计的物流车辆车载定位平台选用一种GPS DR 地图匹配的组合定位方案,该方案既可以提高物流运输车辆的定位精度,也可以让物流车辆在隧道、小范围高楼覆盖区和一些林荫道实现较高精度的定位,使物流车辆的行车轨迹不至于偏离路段,可以更高程度的满足物流监控指挥中心对物流在途运输车辆的位置实时监控需求。

利用Visual Basic设计物流公司监控指挥中心操作系统平台,物流监控指挥中心和物流运输车辆定位平台通过GSM/GPRS无线通讯网络实现信息交互。

物流监控指挥中心的系统操作平台的主要作用就是对公司的物流运输车辆进行管理,它具体需要拥有这些基本功能:(1)车辆信息管理功能;(2)车辆状态查询功能;(3)车辆位置查询功能;(4)车辆轨迹回放功能;(5)车辆实时通信功能。车辆信息管理功能。车辆信息管理功能是监控指挥中心将公司物流车辆按照运输种类进行编号存储,方车辆信息查询;车辆状态管理功能是监控指挥中心可以在任何时刻查询公司所有物流车辆的状态;车辆查询功能是监控指挥中心可以查看公司所有在途运输物流车辆的位置信息;车辆轨迹回放功能是监控指挥中心可以对公司所有物流车辆已经行驶得行车轨迹进行查询;车辆实时通信功能是监控指挥中心能对在途运输物流车辆发出指挥控制命令以及接受物流车辆发回的紧急警报信息。

定位更加实时准确、功能更加完善齐全的物流车队路径轨迹实时监控系统一定会极大地促进我国智慧物流的发展

关键词:智慧物流;定位技术;GPS;DR;地图匹配

Real-time Monitoring System for Transport Vehicle Trajectory Oriented Intelligent Logistics

ABSTRACT

With the development of social economy and the progress of science and technology, the demand for logistics transportation is increasing. Logistics has gradually developed from extensive logistics, systematic logistics and electronic logistics to intelligent logistics. Real-time track monitoring of logistics fleet is an important requirement of intelligent logistics for logistics transportation management. The application of vehicle location monitoring technology in logistics transportation can monitor, command and dispatch logistics vehicles in real time. It can effectively manage chaotic vehicle dispatching, random transportation routes, and drivers'self-theft. It can improve logistics transportation efficiency and transportation efficiency. Transport safety and control can help to reduce logistics costs.

Nowadays, there are many kinds of positioning technology in the world, including the four major global positioning systems, among which GPS is the most widely used, and Beidou in China is developing gradually. Besides, there are many other technologies, such as base station positioning, visual positioning, dead reckoning, position fingerprint positioning, signal field strength positioning and so on. In the research of vehicle positioning at home and abroad, these technologies are often applied in combination, which can solve the problem of vehicle positioning in some special environments or improve the positioning accuracy of vehicles.

At present, the development of real-time monitoring system of logistics fleet trajectory in China can not fully keep up with the demand of intelligent logistics. Vehicle positioning is an important part of logistics transportation monitoring management. However, most of the real-time monitoring systems of logistics companies still mainly choose a single GPS or GPS/BeiDou integrated vehicle positioning platform. Although these two methods of relying solely on satellite positioning can basically satisfy the control and management of logistics transportation vehicles by logistics monitoring and command center, they still have some shortcomings. Firstly, sometimes the positioning accuracy of satellite positioning will be disturbed by special circumstances, and there will be large deviation; secondly, because the satellite positioning is severely disturbed by multi-path interference and is difficult to overcome by satellite itself, logistics transportation vehicles still have some shortcomings. Vehicles can not be positioned in some special situations or have serious positioning errors, such as tunnels, small areas covered by tall buildings and some avenues.

Aiming at the above two problems, this paper designs a GPS DR Map Matching combined positioning scheme for logistics vehicle positioning platform. This scheme can not only improve the positioning accuracy of logistics vehicles, but also enable logistics vehicles to achieve higher positioning accuracy in tunnels, small areas of high-rise covers and some avenues, so that the trajectory of logistics vehicles does not deviate from the road section. It can satisfy the real-time monitoring requirement of the logistics monitoring and command center for the location of vehicles on the way.

Visual Basic is used to design the operating system platform of logistics company's monitoring and command center. Logistics monitoring and command center and logistics vehicle positioning platform realize information exchange through GSM/GPRS wireless communication network.

The main function of the system operation platform of logistics monitoring and command center is to manage the company's logistics transportation vehicles. It needs to have these basic functions: (1) vehicle information management function; (2) vehicle status query function; (3) vehicle location query function; (4) vehicle trajectory playback function; (5) vehicle real-time communication function. Vehicle information management function. Vehicle information management function is that the monitoring and command center stores the company's logistics vehicles according to the type of transportation and inquires the information of the side vehicles; the vehicle status management function is that the monitoring and command center can inquire the status of all logistics vehicles at any time; the vehicle inquiry function is that the monitoring and command center can see the location information of all logistics vehicles in transit of the company; Trajectory playback function is that the monitoring and command center can inquire the trajectory of all the logistics vehicles in the company. The real-time vehicle communication function is that the monitoring and command center can issue command and control orders to the logistics vehicles in transit and accept the emergency alarm information sent back by the logistics vehicles.

Real-time monitoring system of logistics fleet trajectory with more real-time and accurate positioning and more perfect functions will greatly promote the development of intelligent logistics in China.

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