摘 要

如今我国各大城市公共交通系统处于不断发展和不断上升的阶段,地铁线路四通八达，城市内快速公交穿梭于大街小巷，但是随着城市人口的快速增加，机动车愈来愈多，最后一公里问题愈来愈重。这时候非机动车发挥重要作用，共享单车作为地下铁路、城市公交等公共交通末梢的延展部分,能为市民提供便利高效的出行,能有效缓解最后一公里问题，在城市中扮演者重要角色。然而由于停车点数量有限、停车位置固定、停车区域发散、闲置区域少、车辆乱停乱放行为等多方面的限制因素,对现有的共享单车的发展带来了瓶颈，人们对共享单车的使用率越来越低，共享单车这个公共系统对人们的出行的吸引力逐渐降低，逐渐淡出了人们的视野中。但是，移动手机的快捷支付方式的普及使用和大众化,共享单车于2016年下半年突然呈现一种爆发状态,出现在大众的视野当中，校园里、道路边、小区内，随处可见各式各样的共享单车。共享单车在一方面很好的解决了城市因快速的经济发展而带来的交通堵塞的问题，并减少了碳排放，提高了交通系统运行效率，降低了社会资源浪费，优化了人们的出行方式。然而共享单车灵活性增强和投放数量急剧增多也迎来了一系列的问题,特别是轨道交通站点周围的共享单车停放问题、单车的安全及维修保养问题以及客流的不均衡问题。

本文以南京林业大学锁金村小区客流数据为基础,以小区内各站点为背景,以共享单车为研究对象,以人们的出行方式可达性原理，探讨共享单车停车点投放量测算方法,为“共享单车 公共交通”发展模式提供新的思路。

本文主要工作和创新点如下:

（1）对一块研究区域的客流数据进行站点分类,针对各类站点的单车使用量,明确了区域内的单车需求量。在上述工作的基础上,实行合理投放和有效调度既能提高用户满意度和系统运营服务水平，也能缓解交通压力；

（2）结合基于出行方式的可达性理论，确定区域共享单车投放量最优值；

（3）分析各站点数据，利用可达性原理算法，计算得出合理的共享单车投放量。

关键词:共享单车；可达性；区域划分；投放规模

Research on the Calculation of the Sharing Amount of Shared Bicycle Parking Spots

——Taking a Motorcycle as an Example

Abstract

Nowadays, the public transportation system in major cities in China is in a period of continuous development and rising. The subway lines extend in all directions, and the rapid transit in the city runs through the streets. However, with the rapid increase of the urban population, more and more vehicles are in the last mile. The problem is getting heavier and heavier. At this time, non-motor vehicles play an important role. Sharing bicycles as an extension of public transportation terminals such as underground railways and urban public transportation can provide citizens with convenient and efficient travel, effectively alleviate the last mile problem and play an important role in the city. However, due to the limited number of parking spots, the fixed parking location, the divergence of parking areas, the lack of idle areas, and the disorderly behavior of vehicles, the development of existing shared bicycles has brought bottlenecks to people sharing bicycles. The usage rate is getting lower and lower, and the public system of sharing bicycles is gradually less attractive to people's travel, and gradually fades out of people's horizons. However, the popularization and popularization of fast payment methods for mobile phones, the shared bicycle suddenly appeared in an explosive state in the second half of 2016, which appeared in the public's field of vision. There are various kinds of campuses, roads and communities. Shared bike. On the one hand, shared bicycles have solved the problem of traffic congestion caused by rapid economic development in the city, and reduced carbon emissions, improved the efficiency of the transportation system, reduced the

waste of social resources, and optimized the way people travel. . However, the increased flexibility and shared number of shared bicycles has also ushered in a series of problems, especially the problem of shared bicycle parking around rail transit stations, the safety and maintenance of bicycles, and the imbalance of passenger flow.

Based on the passenger flow data of the lock forest village of Nanjing Forestry University, this paper takes the shared bicycles as the background and studies the shared bicycle parking lot. The development model of shared bicycle public transportation provides new ideas.

The main work and innovations of this paper are as follows:

（1）Site classification of passenger flow data in a study area, and the demand for bicycles in the area is specified for the bicycle usage of each type of station. On the basis of the above work, the implementation of reasonable placement and effective scheduling can not only improve user satisfaction and system operation and service level, but also alleviate traffic pressure.

（2）Combined with the accessibility theory based on travel mode, the optimal value of regional shared bicycle delivery is determined.

（3）Analyze the data of each site, and use the principle of reachability principle to calculate a reasonable amount of shared bicycles.

Keywords: Shared bicycle; Accessibility; Regional division; Scale of launch

目 录

1引言 - 1 -

1.1研究背景 - 1 -

1.1.1共享单车的概念和定义 - 4 -

1.1.2共享单车发展环境 - 4 -

1.2研究对象和意义 - 8 -

1.2.1研究意义 - 8 -

1.3研究内容 - 9 -

1.4本章小结 - 9 -

2公共自行车国内外发展及研究现状 - 10 -

2.1公共自行车发展简介 - 10 -

2.2国内外研究现状 - 10 -

2.2.1“公共交通 共享单车”模式 - 10 -

2.2.2需求分析 - 12 -

2.2.3停车点选址规划 - 12 -

2.3本章小结 - 13 -

3 共享单车投放问题分析 - 14 -

3.1摩拜共享单车用户数据概述 - 14 -

3.2停放点投放的影响因素 - 15 -

3.2.1单车在接驳区内的接驳特性 - 15 -